Spain — Demography
All Spanish reference tables follow the shared demographic data model (age 0–100 × sex, long CSV).
Baseline
Section titled “Baseline”The tool opens on a baseline that reproduces the official INE 2024–2074 projection: it defaults to the INE Central migration path together with the INE population and fertility and HMD mortality (with the default mortality improvement). Total fertility rate ≈ 1.14; base population ≈ 47.4 M.
| Variable | Baseline data set | Vintage | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population | Spain 2022 (INE) | 2022 | start-of-projection |
| Fertility | INE 2024 (TFR ≈ 1.14) | 2024 | held flat |
| Mortality | HMD 2023 | 2023 | improves −0.5%/yr ×10y |
| Migration | INE Central | 2024 | INE projection path (declining) |
| Sex ratio at birth | 1.05 | — | standard biological ratio |
Any input can be changed or fine-tuned — see how to model demography.
Available data sets
Section titled “Available data sets”Per variable, the dropdowns offer:
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Population — Spain 2022 (INE): INE — Population figures.
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Fertility — INE 2024 (TFR ≈ 1.14): INE — Births & fertility.
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Mortality — HMD 2023: HMD — Spain.
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Migration — four paths from the INE Population Projections 2024–2074; the table fixes the age–sex shape, the scenario sets the yearly total (see the full path under Show projections → Total by year):
Scenario Net migration path Constant ~626 k/yr, held flat INE Central declining to ~300 k/yr (default) INE High declining to ~410 k/yr INE Low declining to ~175 k/yr The INE variants follow INE’s 2024–2073 trajectory (starting well above the 626 k/yr constant level and tapering to the target); a fine-tuning trend can be layered on top.
Additional data (History tab)
Section titled “Additional data (History tab)”| Series | Coverage | Source |
|---|---|---|
Mortality qx / life tables (M/F/Both) |
1908–2023 | HMD — Spain |
| Deaths by age × sex | 1908–2023 | HMD — Spain |
| Healthy life expectancy (HALE) | 2000–2020 | WHO GHO — HALE |
These power the life-expectancy history (with projection overlay), the mortality heatmap (isolines / age guides), qx-at-ages, the animated deaths tree and the WHO HALE chart.
Also see
Section titled “Also see”The population projection built here is the base every other Spain model builds on — see Spain — Pensions for the pension system’s own reference data.